The Longmen Grottoes, located near Luoyang in China, constitute a UNESCO World Heritage site renowned for its extraordinary collection of Buddhist rock carvings and statues. Patrons and donors included emperors, Empress Wu Zetian (武则天), members of the royal family, other rich families, generals, and religious groups. Dating back to the Northern Wei and Tang dynasties, these intricate sculptures and caves showcase a rich fusion of artistic styles, reflecting the evolution of Buddhist art over several centuries.